During 15-20 minute sessions, the student practices difficult words in isolation, reads the same passage several times to boost fluency, and tries to beat a previous fluency score.
(1) PREPARATION: Before each session, the teacher selects a text within the student's instructional range long enough occupy the student for more than a minute of reading aloud and makes teacher and student copies. The teacher locates five challenge words in the passage to practice.
(2) GOAL-SETTING: The teacher shows the student the performance graph Increasing elementary-aged students' reading fluency with small-group interventions: A comparison of repeated reading, listening passage preview, and listening Intervention Planner for Academics: Checklist Maker www.interventioncentral.org • Copyright © 2009-2012 Jim Wright with his/her most recent repeated-reading score and encourages the student to beat that score;
(3) PREVIEW CHALLENGING WORDS: The teacher introduces each of the passage challenge words: "This word is ___. What is this word?";
(4) INITIAL READ: The student is directed to read the passage aloud, to do his/her best reading, to start at the beginning of the passage [which the teacher points out] and to read until told to stop.
(5) FEEDBACK AND ERROR CORRECTION: The teacher shows the student his/her graphed performance. The teacher then reviews student errors. Pointing to each error word, the teacher says, "This word is ___. What is this word?" and has the student repeat the correct word three times before moving to the next.
(6) MODELING: The teacher directs the student to read aloud in unison with the teacher while using a finger to track the place in the text. The teacher takes the lead, reading the entire passage aloud at a pace slightly faster than that of the student.
(7) REPEAT STUDENT READS. The teacher has the student repeat steps 4 and 5 twice more, until the student has read the passage independently at least 3 times. If the student's fluency score on the final read exceeds that of the previous session, the teacher provides praise and perhaps incentives (e.g., sticker, points toward rewards).
References
Allington, R. (2001). What Really Matters for Struggling Readers. New York: Addison-Wesley Educational Publishers Inc.
Begeny, J C., Krouse, H. E., Ross, S. G., & Mitchell, R. C. (2009).
Begeny, J C., Krouse, H. E., Ross, S. G., & Mitchell, R. C. (2009). Increasing elementary-aged students' reading fluency with small-group
only strategies. Journal of Behavioral Education, 18, 211-228.
interventions: A comparison of repeated reading, listening passage preview, and listening
Comprehension Strategies. (n.d.). Retrieved June 1, 2015.
Cornelius-Samos, C., García, A., & Nelson, J. (2001). Retrieved May 20, 2015, from
http://resources.buildingrti.utexas.org/PDF/Essential_Strategies.pdf
Fluency. (2015). Retrieved May 20, 2015, from http://www.readingrockets.org/teaching/reading101/fluency
Heller, R. (n.d.). All About Adolescent Literacy. Retrieved May 20, 2015, from
http://www.adlit.org/adlit_101/improving_literacy_instruction_in_your_school/fluency/
How Now Brown Cow: Phoneme Awareness Activities for Collaborative Classrooms by Patricia J. Edelen-Smith Intervention in School and
Clinic Volume 33, Number 2, pp. 103-111, Copyright by PRO-ED, Inc.
Improving Fluency in Young Readers - Fluency Instruction. (n.d.) Retrieved May 20, 2015, from
http://www.busyteacherscafe.com/literacy/fluency.html
Listening Passage Preview. (n.d.). Retrieved May 20, 2015, from http://www.interventioncentral.org/academic-interventions/reading-
fluency/listening-passage-preview
Lo, Y., Cooke, N. L. & Starling, A. L. P. (2011). Using a repeated reading program to improve generalization of oral reading fluency.
Education and Treatment of Children, 34(1), 115-140.
Martinez, M., Roser, N. & Strecker, S. (1999) "I never thought I could be a star!" A Readers Theatre ticket to fluency. The Reading Teacher, 53, 326-334
Miller, M. & Veatch, N. (2011). Literacy in context (LinC): Choosing instructional strategies to teach reading in content areas for students in
grades 5-12. Pearson.
National Reading Panel (2000). Teaching Children to Read (Report of the Subgroups) U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
Opitz, M.F. & Rasinski, T.V. (1998). Good-bye Round Robin: 25 Effective Oral Reading Strategies. Portsmouth NH: Heinemann.
Ponwith, Jodi. (2014, September 4). Model Fluency Reading Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=avcDZdHlFok
Put Reading First: The Research Building Blocks for Teaching Children to Read by Armbruster,
Lehr, and Osborn, published in September 2001 by the Partnership for Reading.
Rasinski, T.M. (2000). Speed does matter in reading. The Reading Teacher, 54, 146-151.
Reading Fluency and Instruction. (2008, July 4). Retrieved May 20, 2015, from http://www.k12reader.com/reading-fluency-and-
instruction/
Wright, J. (2002). Kids As Reading Helpers: A Peer Tutor Training Manual. Retrieved May 20, 2015, from
http://www.interventioncentral.org/sites/default/files/pdfs/pdfs_interventions/prtutor_lesson3.pdf
Allington, R. (2001). What Really Matters for Struggling Readers. New York: Addison-Wesley Educational Publishers Inc.
Begeny, J C., Krouse, H. E., Ross, S. G., & Mitchell, R. C. (2009).
Begeny, J C., Krouse, H. E., Ross, S. G., & Mitchell, R. C. (2009). Increasing elementary-aged students' reading fluency with small-group
only strategies. Journal of Behavioral Education, 18, 211-228.
interventions: A comparison of repeated reading, listening passage preview, and listening
Comprehension Strategies. (n.d.). Retrieved June 1, 2015.
Cornelius-Samos, C., García, A., & Nelson, J. (2001). Retrieved May 20, 2015, from
http://resources.buildingrti.utexas.org/PDF/Essential_Strategies.pdf
Fluency. (2015). Retrieved May 20, 2015, from http://www.readingrockets.org/teaching/reading101/fluency
Heller, R. (n.d.). All About Adolescent Literacy. Retrieved May 20, 2015, from
http://www.adlit.org/adlit_101/improving_literacy_instruction_in_your_school/fluency/
How Now Brown Cow: Phoneme Awareness Activities for Collaborative Classrooms by Patricia J. Edelen-Smith Intervention in School and
Clinic Volume 33, Number 2, pp. 103-111, Copyright by PRO-ED, Inc.
Improving Fluency in Young Readers - Fluency Instruction. (n.d.) Retrieved May 20, 2015, from
http://www.busyteacherscafe.com/literacy/fluency.html
Listening Passage Preview. (n.d.). Retrieved May 20, 2015, from http://www.interventioncentral.org/academic-interventions/reading-
fluency/listening-passage-preview
Lo, Y., Cooke, N. L. & Starling, A. L. P. (2011). Using a repeated reading program to improve generalization of oral reading fluency.
Education and Treatment of Children, 34(1), 115-140.
Martinez, M., Roser, N. & Strecker, S. (1999) "I never thought I could be a star!" A Readers Theatre ticket to fluency. The Reading Teacher, 53, 326-334
Miller, M. & Veatch, N. (2011). Literacy in context (LinC): Choosing instructional strategies to teach reading in content areas for students in
grades 5-12. Pearson.
National Reading Panel (2000). Teaching Children to Read (Report of the Subgroups) U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
Opitz, M.F. & Rasinski, T.V. (1998). Good-bye Round Robin: 25 Effective Oral Reading Strategies. Portsmouth NH: Heinemann.
Ponwith, Jodi. (2014, September 4). Model Fluency Reading Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=avcDZdHlFok
Put Reading First: The Research Building Blocks for Teaching Children to Read by Armbruster,
Lehr, and Osborn, published in September 2001 by the Partnership for Reading.
Rasinski, T.M. (2000). Speed does matter in reading. The Reading Teacher, 54, 146-151.
Reading Fluency and Instruction. (2008, July 4). Retrieved May 20, 2015, from http://www.k12reader.com/reading-fluency-and-
instruction/
Wright, J. (2002). Kids As Reading Helpers: A Peer Tutor Training Manual. Retrieved May 20, 2015, from
http://www.interventioncentral.org/sites/default/files/pdfs/pdfs_interventions/prtutor_lesson3.pdf