This reading fluency intervention prompts the student to read independently with prompt corrective feedback. Each session lasts 10-15 minutes. The teacher selects an engaging passage at the student's instructional level. The student is told that the teacher and student will begin the session reading aloud in unison. The student is also told that, whenever the student chooses, he/she can give a silent signal (e.g., lightly tapping the teacher's wrist); at this signal, the teacher will stop reading aloud and instead follow along silently while the student continues to read aloud. In addition, the student is told that, if he/she hesitates for 3 seconds or longer or misreads a word when reading aloud independently, the teacher will correct the student and then resume reading in unison. The session then begins with teacher and student reading aloud together. Whenever the student commits a reading error or hesitates for 3 seconds or longer (during either unison or independent reading), the teacher stops the student, points to and says the error word, has the student read the word aloud correctly, has the student read the surrounding phrase that includes the error word, and resumes reading in unison. The teacher also praises the student for using the silent signal to read aloud independently and occasionally praises other aspects of the student's reading performance or effort.
References
Allington, R. (2001). What Really Matters for Struggling Readers. New York: Addison-Wesley Educational Publishers Inc.
Comprehension Strategies. (n.d.). Retrieved June 1, 2015.
Cornelius-Samos, C., García, A., & Nelson, J. (2001). Retrieved May 20, 2015, from
http://resources.buildingrti.utexas.org/PDF/Essential_Strategies.pdf
Fiala, C. L., & Sheridan, S. M. (2003). Parent involvement and reading: Using curriculum-based measurement to assess the effects of
paired reading. Psychology in the Schools, 40(6), 613-626.
Fluency. (2015). Retrieved May 20, 2015, from http://www.readingrockets.org/teaching/reading101/fluency
Heller, R. (n.d.). All About Adolescent Literacy. Retrieved May 20, 2015, from
http://www.adlit.org/adlit_101/improving_literacy_instruction_in_your_school/fluency/
How Now Brown Cow: Phoneme Awareness Activities for Collaborative Classrooms by Patricia J. Edelen-Smith Intervention in School and
Clinic Volume 33, Number 2, pp. 103-111, Copyright by PRO-ED, Inc.
Improving Fluency in Young Readers - Fluency Instruction. (n.d.) Retrieved May 20, 2015, from
http://www.busyteacherscafe.com/literacy/fluency.html
Karaokegirl39. (2012, December 9). Peer Assisted Learning Strategy (PALS) Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=IvxSr3D2n48
Listening Passage Preview. (n.d.). Retrieved May 20, 2015, from http://www.interventioncentral.org/academic-interventions/reading-
fluency/listening-passage-preview
Martinez, M., Roser, N. & Strecker, S. (1999) "I never thought I could be a star!" A Readers Theatre ticket to fluency. The Reading Teacher, 53, 326-334
Miller, M. & Veatch, N. (2011). Literacy in context (LinC): Choosing instructional strategies to teach reading in content areas for students in
grades 5-12. Pearson.
National Reading Panel (2000). Teaching Children to Read (Report of the Subgroups) U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
Opitz, M.F. & Rasinski, T.V. (1998). Good-bye Round Robin: 25 Effective Oral Reading Strategies. Portsmouth NH: Heinemann.
Put Reading First: The Research Building Blocks for Teaching Children to Read by Armbruster,
Lehr, and Osborn, published in September 2001 by the Partnership for Reading.
Rasinski, T.M. (2000). Speed does matter in reading. The Reading Teacher, 54, 146-151.
Reading Fluency and Instruction. (2008, July 4). Retrieved May 20, 2015, from http://www.k12reader.com/reading-fluency-and-
instruction/
Wright, J. (2002). Kids As Reading Helpers: A Peer Tutor Training Manual. Retrieved May 20, 2015, from
http://www.interventioncentral.org/sites/default/files/pdfs/pdfs_interventions/prtutor_lesson3.pdf
Allington, R. (2001). What Really Matters for Struggling Readers. New York: Addison-Wesley Educational Publishers Inc.
Comprehension Strategies. (n.d.). Retrieved June 1, 2015.
Cornelius-Samos, C., García, A., & Nelson, J. (2001). Retrieved May 20, 2015, from
http://resources.buildingrti.utexas.org/PDF/Essential_Strategies.pdf
Fiala, C. L., & Sheridan, S. M. (2003). Parent involvement and reading: Using curriculum-based measurement to assess the effects of
paired reading. Psychology in the Schools, 40(6), 613-626.
Fluency. (2015). Retrieved May 20, 2015, from http://www.readingrockets.org/teaching/reading101/fluency
Heller, R. (n.d.). All About Adolescent Literacy. Retrieved May 20, 2015, from
http://www.adlit.org/adlit_101/improving_literacy_instruction_in_your_school/fluency/
How Now Brown Cow: Phoneme Awareness Activities for Collaborative Classrooms by Patricia J. Edelen-Smith Intervention in School and
Clinic Volume 33, Number 2, pp. 103-111, Copyright by PRO-ED, Inc.
Improving Fluency in Young Readers - Fluency Instruction. (n.d.) Retrieved May 20, 2015, from
http://www.busyteacherscafe.com/literacy/fluency.html
Karaokegirl39. (2012, December 9). Peer Assisted Learning Strategy (PALS) Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=IvxSr3D2n48
Listening Passage Preview. (n.d.). Retrieved May 20, 2015, from http://www.interventioncentral.org/academic-interventions/reading-
fluency/listening-passage-preview
Martinez, M., Roser, N. & Strecker, S. (1999) "I never thought I could be a star!" A Readers Theatre ticket to fluency. The Reading Teacher, 53, 326-334
Miller, M. & Veatch, N. (2011). Literacy in context (LinC): Choosing instructional strategies to teach reading in content areas for students in
grades 5-12. Pearson.
National Reading Panel (2000). Teaching Children to Read (Report of the Subgroups) U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
Opitz, M.F. & Rasinski, T.V. (1998). Good-bye Round Robin: 25 Effective Oral Reading Strategies. Portsmouth NH: Heinemann.
Put Reading First: The Research Building Blocks for Teaching Children to Read by Armbruster,
Lehr, and Osborn, published in September 2001 by the Partnership for Reading.
Rasinski, T.M. (2000). Speed does matter in reading. The Reading Teacher, 54, 146-151.
Reading Fluency and Instruction. (2008, July 4). Retrieved May 20, 2015, from http://www.k12reader.com/reading-fluency-and-
instruction/
Wright, J. (2002). Kids As Reading Helpers: A Peer Tutor Training Manual. Retrieved May 20, 2015, from
http://www.interventioncentral.org/sites/default/files/pdfs/pdfs_interventions/prtutor_lesson3.pdf